Nicholas I of Russia
- Birth Date:
- 06.07.1796
- Death date:
- 18.02.1855
- Length of life:
- 58
- Days since birth:
- 83435
- Years since birth:
- 228
- Days since death:
- 62025
- Years since death:
- 169
- Extra names:
- Mikołaj I Romanow, Николай I Павлович Романов, Николай I, Nikolajs I, Nokolajs Pavlovičs Romanovs, Николай Павлович Романов
- Categories:
- Emperor, Knyaz (Prince, Duke), Tsar (emperor)
- Nationality:
- russian
- Cemetery:
- Grand Ducal Burial Vault
Nicholas I (Николай I Павлович, r Nikolai I Pavlovich; 6 July [O.S. 25 June] 1796 – 2 March [O.S. 18 February] 1855) was the Emperor of Russia from 1825 until 1855. He was also the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland. He is best known as a political conservative whose reign was marked by geographical expansion, repression of dissent, economic stagnation, poor administrative policies, a corrupt bureaucracy, and frequent wars that culminated in Russia's disastrous defeat in the Crimean War of 1853-56. His biographer Nicholas V. Riasanovsky says that Nicholas displayed determination, singleness of purpose, and an iron will, along with a powerful sense of duty and a dedication to very hard work. He saw himself as a soldier – a junior officer totally consumed by spit and polish. A handsome man, he was highly nervous and aggressive. Trained as an engineer, he was a stickler for minute detail. His reign had an ideology called "Official Nationality" that was proclaimed officially in 1833. It was a reactionary policy based on orthodoxy in religion, autocracy in government, and Russian nationalism.
He was the younger brother of his predecessor, Alexander I. Nicholas inherited his brother's throne despite the failed Decembrist revolt against him and went on to become the most reactionary of all Russian leaders. His aggressive foreign policy involved many expensive wars, having a disastrous effect on the empire's finances.
He was successful against Russia's neighbouring southern rivals as he seized the last territories in the Caucasus held by Persia (comprising modern day Armenia and Azerbaijan) by successfully ending the Russo-Persian War (1826–28). By now, Russia had gained what is now Dagestan, Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia from Persia, and had therefore at last gained the clear upper hand in the Caucasus, both geo-politically as well as territorially. He ended the Russo-Turkish War (1828–29) successfully as well. Later on, however, he led Russia into the Crimean War (1853–56) with disastrous results. Historians emphasize that his micromanagement of the armies hindered his generals, as did his misguided strategy. Fuller notes that historians have frequently concluded that "the reign of Nicholas I was a catastrophic failure in both domestic and foreign policy." On the eve of his death, the Russian Empire reached its geographical zenith, spanning over 20 million square kilometers (7.7 million square miles), but in desperate need of reform.
Source: wikipedia.org, regiment.ru
No places
Relations
07.12.1769 | Орден Святого Георгия
14.12.1825 | Decembristu (Dekabristu) dumpis
29.11.1830 | November Uprising
The November Uprising (1830–31), Polish–Russian War 1830–31 also known as the Cadet Revolution, was an armed rebellion in the heartland of partitioned Poland against the Russian Empire. The uprising began on 29 November 1830 in Warsaw when the young Polish officers from the local Army of the Congress Poland's military academy revolted, led by lieutenant Piotr Wysocki. They were soon joined by large segments of Polish society, and the insurrection spread to the territories of Lithuania, western Belarus, and the right-bank of Ukraine. Despite some local successes, the uprising was eventually crushed by a numerically superior Imperial Russian Army under Ivan Paskevich. Czar Nicholas I decreed that henceforth Poland was an integral part of Russia, with Warsaw little more than a military garrison, its university closed.
26.02.1832 | Konstytucja Królestwa Polskiego została zastąpiona Statutem Organicznym dla Królestwa Polskiego
Bezpośrednio po stłumieniu powstania listopadowego Rosjanie rozpoczęli szereg represji zarówno w stosunku do uczestników powstania, jak i instytucji państwowych. Represjom patronował nowy namiestnik cesarski, feldmarszałek Iwan Paskiewicz, nagrodzony za szturm Warszawy z 1831 roku tytułem księcia warszawskiego. Przede wszystkim ograniczono autonomię Królestwa Polskiego zawieszając prawa konstytucyjne, aż do roku 1832, kiedy to car Mikołaj I wprowadził tzw. Statut Organiczny dla Królestwa Polskiego. Oficjalnie statut miał być tylko uzupełnieniem konstytucji, faktycznie jednak zniósł ją i wszedł na jej miejsce.
18.12.1833 | Pirmo reizi izpildīta Krievijas valsts himna "Dievs, caru sargā!"
Latvijas teritorijas visu šīs himnas pastāvēšanas 1833.g.-1917.g. laiku bija anektētas Krievijas sastāvā.
31.05.1851 | Krievijas imperators Nikolajs I inspicē Dinaburgas cietoksni
28.03.1854 | Turpinās Krimas karš. Osmaņu impērijas pusē karā iesaistās Anglija un Francija
Krimas karu pret Osmaņu impēriju Krievija iesāka 1853. gada oktobrī. Kara iesākšanas iegansts Krievija bija "ortodoksālo kristiešu aizsardzība". Karš ilga trīs gadus, līdz 1856. gada februārim. Kara rezultātā Krievija ieguva Krimas pussalu, bet zaudēja savus iepriekšējos sabiedrotos- kopš 1815. gada Vīnes kongresa laikiem- Franciju, Lielbritāniju, Sardīniju.