Charles I Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel

Charles I Landgrave of Hesse-KasselCharles I Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel
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Birth Date:
03.08.1654
Death date:
23.03.1730
Length of life:
75
Days since birth:
135232
Years since birth:
370
Days since death:
107606
Years since death:
294
Extra names:
Karl von Hessen-Kassel
Categories:
Aristocrat, Count
Nationality:
 german
Cemetery:
Set cemetery

Charles of Hesse-Kassel of the House of Hesse, was the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel from 1670 to 1730.

Charles was the second son of William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and Hedwig Sophia of Brandenburg ( 1623-1683 ). Until 1675 his mother ruled as his guardian and regent before Charles was old enough to take over the administration for the next 55 years. His older brother, William VII, had died in 1670 shortly after reaching adulthood, even before he had had the chance to make any changes with the administration.

Policies

Under the reign of Charles, the consequences of the Thirty Years' War in the agricultural county could be overcome more quickly than they were in the more industrialized regions of the German Empire. He pushed for the recreation of a large army and put it in the service of other countries in the War of Spanish Succession. His soldiers, he gave, as well as other princes of his time, to foreign service for the Subsidiengelder [ subsidies ]. This policy remained controversial for its dealings with the mercenaries, according to the 1908 Brockhaus ( Volume 9, page 96 ) :

"Dieses System verbesserte die Finanzen, aber nicht den Wohlstand des Landes,
und brachte den glänzenden Hof selbst in ausländische Familienverbindungen.
"

[ This system improved the finances but not the prosperity of the country,
and brought to the brilliant court itself foreign familial connections. ]

Charles left in 1685 to his younger brother Philipp as the latter's Paragium a small part of the Landgraviate of Hesse, the so-called Landgraviate of Hesse–Philippsthal, named after Philippsthal [ "Philipp's Valley" ] ( formerly Kreuzburg [ "Cross Castle" ] ) a place near Vacha on the Werra River.

Economy

Even before the Edict of Fontainebleau ( October 1685 ), Charles adopted on 18 April 1685 the Freiheits-Concession [ "Freedom Concession" ],[1] promising the exiles from France, the Huguenots and Waldensians, free settlement and their own churches and schools. In the following years, about 4000 the Protestants fled persecution in their homelands for Northern Hesse and, for example, about 1700 of them settled in Oberneustadt, the newly created borough of Kassel.

Following the ideas of mercantilism, Charles founded in 1679 the Messinghof, one of the first metal-processing plants in Hesse, in Bettenhausen, east of Kassel.

In 1699 Charles founded Sieburg ( since 1717 Karlshafen ) and also moved some of the Huguenots and Waldensians there. With the construction of the Landgrave-Carl-Canal from the Diemel River to Kassel ( and beyond ), he tried to circumvent the existing customs borders but, after only a few kilometers, the construction was discontinued.

Culture

Landgrave Charles continued the design of the hillside park, Wilhelmshöhe [ "William's Peak" ] in the Habichtswald [ "Hawk Forest" ], now a nature preserve west of Kassel. In particular, it was the construction of the Hercules monument that brought the Italian-inspired cascades and other water features to the park. Under his rule, the Moritzaue [ "Maurice's Meadow" ] park near the town was extended over a large area to another park, the Karlsaue [ "Charles's Meadow" ], which still exists today, and the Schloss Orangerie was built.

With the participation of the Landgrave, who was interested in history, the first archaeological excavations began in 1709 on the Mader Heide.

Family

Charles married his first cousin, Maria Amalia of Courland ( 1653-1711 ), the daughter of Jacob Kettler, Duke of Courland, and had with her seventeen children, fourteen of which lived long enough to have names:

  • William ( 29 March 1674 – 25 July 1676 )
  • Charles ( 24 February 1675 – 7 December 1677 )
  • Friedrich ( 28 April 1676 – 5 April 1751 ), who succeeded his father as Frederick, the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, and became, in 1720, the King of Sweden

∞ 1 1700 Princess Louisa Dorothea of Brandenburg ( 1680–1705 )

∞ 2 1715 Ulrika Eleonora, Queen of Sweden ( 1688–1741 )

  • Christian ( 2 July 1677 – 18 September 1677 )
  • Sophie Charlotte ( 16 July 1678 – 30 May 1749 )

∞ 1704 Frederick William, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin ( 1675–1713 )

  • Son ( 12 June 1679 ]
  • Charles ( 12 June 1680 – 13 November 1702 )
  • William ( 10 March 1682 – 1 February 1760 ), who succeeded his brother Frederick as William VIII, the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel

∞ 1717 Dorothea Wilhelmina of Saxe-Zeitz ( 1691–1743 )

  • Leopold ( 30 December 1684 – 10 September 1704 )
  • Louis ( 5 September 1686 – 23 May 1706 )
  • Marie Louise ( 7 February 1688 – 9 April 1765 )

∞ 1709 Johan Willem Friso, Prince of Orange ( 1687–1711 )

  • Maximilian ( 28 May 1689 – 8 May 1753 )

∞ 1720 Friederike Landgravine of Hesse-Darmstadt ( 1698–1777 )

  • Daughter ( 5 July 1690 )
  • George Charles ( 8 January 1691 – 5 March 1755 )
  • Eleonore Antoine ( 11 January 1694 – 17 December 1694 )
  • Wilhelmine Charlotte ( 8 July 1695 – 27 November 1722 )
  • Son ( 1696 )

Other Relationships

After the death of his wife in 1713, Charles had a relationship with Jeanne Marguerite de Frere, Marquise de Langallerie, with whom he had a son, Charles Frederic Philippe de Gentil, Marquis de Langallerie, who died early. Charles secured in the same way the financial security of children who had come with his mistress.

After the Marquise de Langallerie, the next mistress and confidante was Barbara Christine von Bernhold ( 1690–1756 ), who rose to Großhofmeisterin [ "Senior Mistress of the Court" ] under Charles's son William VIII and in 1742 ennobled by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles VII to the rank of Reichsgrafin [ "Imperial Countess" ]. She was housed in the Bellevue Palace.

***

Source: wikipedia.org

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        Relations

        Relation nameRelation typeBirth DateDeath dateDescription
        1Wilhelm VIII von Hessen-KasselWilhelm VIII von Hessen-KasselSon10.03.168201.02.1760
        2Frederick I of SwedenFrederick I of SwedenSon17.04.167625.03.1751
        3Maximilian  von Hessen-KasselMaximilian von Hessen-KasselSon28.05.168908.05.1753
        4Marie Louise Hesse-Kassel, LandgravineMarie Louise Hesse-Kassel, LandgravineDaughter07.02.168809.04.1765
        5Maria Amalia of KurlandMaria Amalia of KurlandWife12.06.165316.06.1711
        6Jacob KettlerJacob KettlerFather in-law28.10.161010.01.1682
        7Luīze KetlereLuīze KetlereMother in-law13.09.161729.08.1676
        8John William Friso Prince of OrangeJohn William Friso Prince of OrangeSon in-law14.08.168714.07.1711
        9Friederike Charlotte  von Hessen-DarmstadtFriederike Charlotte von Hessen-DarmstadtDaughter in-law08.09.169822.03.1777
        10
        Louise Elisabeth von KurlandSister in-law, Cousin23.08.164616.12.1690
        11Ferdinands KetlersFerdinands KetlersBrother in-law01.11.165504.05.1737
        12Frederick Casimir  KettlerFrederick Casimir KettlerBrother in-law, Cousin06.07.165022.01.1698
        13Friedrich II  von Hessen-CasselFriedrich II von Hessen-CasselGrandson14.08.172031.10.1785
        14William IV Prince of OrangeWilliam IV Prince of OrangeGrandson01.09.171122.10.1751
        15Amalia  Nassau-Dietz, PrincessAmalia Nassau-Dietz, PrincessGranddaughter23.10.171018.09.1777
        16Karl Friedrich  BadenKarl Friedrich BadenGreat grandson22.11.172810.06.1811
        17Carolina Orange-Nassau, PrincessCarolina Orange-Nassau, PrincessGreat granddaughter28.02.174306.05.1787

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