Amschel Moses Rothschild was an 18th-century German Jewish moneychanger and trader in silk cloth in the Frankfurter Judengasse, the Jewish ghetto in the Free Imperial City of Frankfurt am Main in present-day Germany.

He was the son of Moses Kalman Rothschild (died 19 October 1735).

He married Schönche Lechnich (died 1756).

They had eight children, of whom the fourth was Mayer Amschel Rothschild, who went on to be the founder of the Rothschild family international banking dynasty.

Amschel Moses Rothschild died in a smallpox epidemic in the Frankfurt ghetto in 1755.