Archduchess Marie Caroline of Austria (8 June 1794 Vienna, Austria – 16 March 1795 Vienna, Austria) was the daughter of Francis II, the last Holy Roman Emperor, later Francis I of Austria after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, and Maria Teresa of the Two Sicilies, daughter of Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies and his first wife Maria Carolina of Austria. She was of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. She is buried in the Imperial Crypt in Vienna, in Ferdinand's Vault.

A sister, born after her death, was named in her honor, Archduchess Marie Caroline of Austria (1801–1832).