James Roosevelt "Rosey" Roosevelt (March 27, 1854 – 1927) was the older half-brother of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. He was the son of James Roosevelt and his first wife, Rebecca Howland (January 15, 1831 — August 21, 1876), who were second cousins. When his father died in 1900, the estate was split between both James and his younger brother, Franklin.

Rosey served as Secretary of the United States Legation in Vienna and as Secretary of the Embassy in London.

He married Helen Schermerhorn Astor (1855 — 1893), the second daughter of William Backhouse Astor, Jr. and Caroline Webster Schermerhorn, on November 18, 1878, and fathered two children: James Roosevelt "Tadd" Roosevelt, Jr. (1879 — 1958) and Helen Rebecca Roosevelt Robinson (1881 — 1962). In 1914, Rosey remarried to Elizabeth Riley.