Hedwig of Kalisz (Polish: Jadwiga Bolesławówna) (1266 – 10 December 1339) was the second of three daughters, born to Boleslaw the Pious and Saint Yolanda of Hungary. Her paternal grandparents were Władysław Odonic and Jadwiga of Pomerania, her maternal grandparents were Béla IV of Hungary and Maria Laskarina. Her elder sister was Elisabeth of Greater Poland. In 1293, Hedwig married Władysław I the Elbow-high, son of Casimir I of Kuyavia.

Her husband was a bitter rival of Wenceslaus II of Bohemia who was King of Poland between 1291–1305. Life was dangerous for Hedwig and her family during this time, she and three of her children had to go into hiding for a while during 1300. In 1305, Wenceslaus II died and was succeeded by his son, Wenceslaus III of Bohemia. Wenceslaus III reigned for a year before he was assassinated under mysterious circumstances so his campaign of Poland ended. His wife, Viola of Teschen had not borne him any children so his successor was Władysław.

In 1318, Władysław embarked on a coronation campaign. The pope, though initially unwilling, finally granted his approval and Władysław and Hedwig were crowned King and Queen of Poland on 30 January 1320 in Kraków; a new crown was made for the new queen and it was later used to crown other queens of Poland. Times were not always good for the royal family. Władysław and Jadwiga lost their two eldest sons, Stephen and Władysław. Their joy was however restored with the birth of two more children, Casimir and Jadwiga.

The coronation was a sign that he had overcome Poland's internal fragmentation and re-united and re-instated the country as an independent kingdom under his rule. Poland now needed friends abroad; so in 1320, Hedwig and Władysław's daughter Elisabeth married Charles I of Hungary, son of Charles Martel of Anjou and Klementia of Habsburg. Their son was Louis I of Hungary.

Hedwig played an active part in politics during her husband's reign. She took over the regency of Stary Sacz when her granddaughter by Kunigunde, Constance of Swidnica resigned to become a nun.

Her husband died in 1333. Jadwiga lived until 1339.

Children

Hedwig had six children:

• Stephen of Poland (d. 1306)
• Władysław of Poland (d. 1311/1312)
• Kunigunde of Poland (c. 1298 – 9 April 1331). Married first Bernard of Świdnica. Their children included Bolko II of Świdnica. Married secondly Rudolf I, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg.
• Elisabeth of Poland (1305 – 29 December 1380). Married Charles I of Hungary.
• Casimir III of Poland (30 April 1310 – 5 November 1370)
• Hedwig of Poland (d. 3 June 1320/1322)