Richard Burton Matheson (February 20, 1926 - June 23, 2013) was an American author and screenwriter, primarily in the fantasy, horror, and science fiction genres. He is perhaps best known as the author of The Shrinking Man, Hell House, What Dreams May Come, Bid Time Return (filmed as Somewhere in Time), A Stir of Echoes, and I Am Legend, all of which have been adapted as major motion pictures, the last at least three times. Matheson also wrote numerous television episodes of The Twilight Zone for Rod Serling, including "Nightmare at 20,000 Feet" and "Steel". He later adapted his 1971 short story "Duel" as a screenplay which was promptly directed by a young Steven Spielberg, for the TV movie of the same name.

Personal life

Matheson was born in Allendale, New Jersey, the son of Norwegian immigrants Fanny (née Mathieson) and Bertolf Matheson, a tile floor installer. Matheson was raised in Brooklyn and graduated from Brooklyn Technical High School in 1943. He then entered the military and spent World War II as an infantry soldier. In 1949 he earned his bachelor's degree in journalism from the University of Missouri and moved to California in 1951. He married Ruth Ann Woodson on July 1, 1952 and had four children, three of whom (Chris, Richard Christian, and Ali Matheson) became writers of fiction and screenplays. He died at his home on June 23, 2013, at the age of 87.

Career

Matheson's first published short story was "Born of Man and Woman" in The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, Summer 1950, the new quarterly's third issue. It is the tale of a monstrous child chained by its parents in the cellar, cast as the creature's diary in poignantly non-idiomatic English. Later that year he placed stories in the first and third numbers of Galaxy Science Fiction, a new monthly. Between 1950 and 1971, he produced dozens of stories, frequently blending elements of the science fiction, horror and fantasy genres. He was a member of the Southern California School of Writers in the 1950s-1960s, which included Charles Beaumont, William F. Nolan, Ray Bradbury, Jerry Sohl, George Clayton Johnson, and others. Matheson appears in two documentaries related to this era: Jason V Brock's Charles Beaumont: The Life of Twilight Zone's Magic Man, and The AckerMonster Chronicles!, which details the life of agent and editor Forrest J Ackerman.

Several of his stories, like "Third from the Sun" (1950), "Deadline" (1959) and "Button, Button" (1970) are simple sketches with twist endings; others, like "Trespass" (1953), "Being" (1954) and "Mute" (1962) explore their characters' dilemmas over twenty or thirty pages. Some tales, such as "The Funeral" (1955) and "The Doll that Does Everything" (1954) incorporate zany satirical humour at the expense of genre clichés, and are written in an hysterically overblown prose very different from Matheson's usual pared-down style. Others, like "The Test" (1954) and "Steel" (1956), portray the moral and physical struggles of ordinary people, rather than the then nearly ubiquitous scientists and superheroes, in situations which are at once futuristic and everyday. Still others, such as Hell House (1953), "The Curious Child" (1954) and perhaps most of all, "Duel" (1971) are tales of paranoia, in which the everyday environment of the present day becomes inexplicably alien or threatening. "Duel" was adapted into the TV movie of the same name.

He wrote 14 episodes for the American TV series The Twilight Zone, including "Steel" (mentioned above), and the famous "Nightmare at 20,000 Feet", plus "Little Girl Lost", a story about a young girl tumbling into the fourth dimension. On all of Matheson's scripts for The Twilight Zone, he also wrote the introductory and closing statements spoken by creator Rod Serling. He also contributed a number of scripts to the Warner Bros. western series Lawman between 1958 and 1962. He adapted the works of Edgar Allan Poe for the Roger Corman's Poe series including House of Usher (1960), The Pit and the Pendulum (1961) and The Raven (1963).

He wrote the popular Star Trek episode "The Enemy Within". For Hammer Films he adapted Dennis Wheatley's The Devil Rides Out (1968). In 1973, Matheson earned an Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America for his teleplay for The Night Stalker, one of two TV movies written by Matheson that preceded the series Kolchak: The Night Stalker. Matheson also wrote the screenplay for Fanatic (US title: Die! Die! My Darling!), starring Tallulah Bankhead and Stefanie Powers.

Matheson's first novel, Someone Is Bleeding, was published by Lion Books in 1953. His early novels include The Shrinking Man (1956, filmed in 1957 as The Incredible Shrinking Man, again from Matheson's own screenplay) and a science fiction vampire novel, I Am Legend, (1954, filmed as The Last Man on Earth in 1964, The Omega Man in 1971, and I Am Legend in 2007). Other Matheson novels turned into notable films include What Dreams May Come, A Stir of Echoes (as Stir of Echoes), Bid Time Return (as Somewhere in Time), and Hell House (as The Legend of Hell House), the last two adapted and scripted by Matheson himself. Three of his short stories were filmed together as Trilogy of Terror (1975), including "Prey" (initially published in the April 1969 edition of Playboy magazine) with its famous Zuni warrior doll. Matheson's short story "Button, Button", was filmed as The Box in 2009, and was previously adapted for a 1986 episode of The Twilight Zone.

In 1960, Matheson published The Beardless Warriors, a non-fantastic, autobiographical novel about teenage American soldiers in World War II. It was filmed in 1967 as The Young Warriors though most of Matheson's plot was jettisoned. During the 1950s he published a handful of Western stories (later collected in By the Gun); and during the 1990s he published Western novels such as Journal of the Gun Years, The Gunfight, The Memoirs of Wild Bill Hickok and Shadow on the Sun. He has also written a blackly comic locked-room mystery novel, Now You See It ..., aptly dedicated to Robert Bloch, and the suspense novels 7 Steps to Midnight and Hunted Past Reason.

Matheson cited specific inspirations for many of his works. Duel derived from an incident in which he and a friend, Jerry Sohl, were dangerously tailgated by a large truck on the same day as the Kennedy assassination. (However, there are similarities with William M. Robson's script of the July 15, 1962 episode of the radio drama, Suspense, "Snow on 66".) A scene from the 1953 movie Let's Do It Again in which Aldo Ray and Ray Milland put on each other's hats, one of which is far too big for the other, sparked the thought "what if someone put on his own hat and that happened," which became The Shrinking Man. Bid Time Return began when Matheson saw a movie poster featuring a beautiful picture of Maude Adams and wondered what would happen if someone fell in love with such an old picture. In the introduction to Noir: 3 Novels of Suspense (1997), which collects three of his early books, Matheson said that the first chapter of his suspense novel Someone is Bleeding (1953) describes exactly his meeting with his wife Ruth, and that in the case of What Dreams May Come, "the whole novel is filled with scenes from our past."

According to film critic Roger Ebert, Matheson's scientific approach to the supernatural in I Am Legend and other novels from the 1950s and early 1960s "anticipated pseudorealistic fantasy novels like Rosemary's Baby and The Exorcist."

Awards

Matheson received the World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement in 1984 and the Bram Stoker Award for Lifetime Achievement from the Horror Writers Association in 1991. The Science Fiction Hall of Fame inducted him in 2010.

At the annual World Fantasy Conventions he won two judged, annual literary awards for particular works: World Fantasy Awards for Bid Time Return as the best novel of 1975 and Richard Matheson: Collected Stories as the best collection of 1989.

Influence

Stephen King has listed Matheson as a creative influence and his novel Cell is dedicated to Matheson, along with filmmaker George A. Romero. Romero has frequently acknowledged Matheson as an inspiration and listed the shambling vampire creatures that appear in the first film version of "I Am Legend" as the inspiration for the zombie "ghouls" he envisioned in Night of the Living Dead

Anne Rice stated that when she was a child, Matheson's short story "A Dress Of White Silk" was an early influence on her interest in vampires and fantasy fiction.

Tributes

Richard's son, Richard Christian Matheson, wrote a novel Created By, in which the hero's father is named Burt, a reference to Matheson senior's middle name.

Richard Christian Matheson adapted his father's short story "Dance of the Dead" for the TV series Masters of Horror. It was directed by Tobe Hooper and starred Robert Englund and Ryan McDonald.

He Is Legend: An Anthology Celebrating Richard Matheson edited by Christopher Conlon was released in a limited hardcover edition in February 2009. This book is an anthology of 16 original stories inspired by Matheson's works. Contributors include Nancy A. Collins, Joe R. Lansdale, Whitley Strieber, F. Paul Wilson, and Stephen King collaborating with his son, horror author Joe Hill. On Sep 14, 2009, it was released in paperback.

Richard Christian Matheson penned the screenplay for "Battleground" for the first segment of Stephen King's Nightmares & Dreamscapes. He paid homage to his father by including the Zuni fetish doll from the last segment of Trilogy of Terror in a scene.

A character named "Senator Richard Matheson" appeared in several episodes of The X-Files. The series' creator, Chris Carter, was a fan of Matheson's work on two series that influenced The X-Files (The Twilight Zone and Kolchak: The Night Stalker).

Works

• Someone is Bleeding (1953)
• Fury on Sunday (1953)
• I Am Legend (1954) filmed as The Last Man on Earth, The Omega Man, I Am Omega and I Am Legend
• The Shrinking Man (1956); filmed as The Incredible Shrinking Man and subsequently reprinted under that title; also the basis of the film The Incredible Shrinking Woman
• A Stir of Echoes (1958); filmed as Stir of Echoes
• Ride the Nightmare (1959); adapted as an episode of The Alfred Hitchcock Hour and later filmed as Cold Sweat (1970 film)
• The Beardless Warriors (1960); filmed as The Young Warriors
• The Comedy of Terrors (1964), with Elsie Lee; filmed as The Comedy of Terrors
• Hell House (1971); filmed as The Legend of Hell House
• Bid Time Return (1975); filmed as Somewhere in Time and subsequently reprinted under that title
• What Dreams May Come (1978); filmed as What Dreams May Come
• Earthbound (editorially abridged version published under the pseudonym "Logan Swanson", 1982; restored text published under Matheson's own name, 1989)
• Journal of the Gun Years (1992)
• The Gunfight (1993)
• 7 Steps to Midnight (1993)
• Shadow on the Sun (1994)
• Now You See It ... (1995)
• The Memoirs of Wild Bill Hickock (1996)
• The Path: A New Look at Reality (1999)
• Passion Play (2000)
• Hunger and Thirst (2000)
• Camp Pleasant (2001)
• Abu and the 7 Marvels (2002)
• Hunted Past Reason (2002)
• Come Fygures, Come Shadowes (2003)
• Woman (2006)
• Other Kingdoms (2011)
• Generations (2012)

• "Born of Man and Woman" (1950)
• "Third from the Sun" (1950); adapted as a Twilight Zone episode (1960)
• "The Waker Dreams" (AKA "When the Waker Sleeps") (1950)
• "Blood Son" (1951)
• "Through Channels" (1951)
• "Clothes Make the Man" (1951)
• "Return" (1951)
• "The Thing" (1951)
• "Witch War" (1951)
• "Dress of White Silk" (1951)
• "F---" (AKA "The Foodlegger") (1952)
• "Shipshape Home" (1952)
• "SRL Ad" (1952)
• "Advance Notice" (AKA "Letter to the Editor") (1952)
• "Lover, When You're Near Me" (1952)
• "Brother to the Machine" (1952)
• "To Fit the Crime" (1952)
• "The Wedding" (1953)
• "Wet Straw" (1953)
• "Long Distance Call" (AKA "Sorry, Right Number") (1953)
• "Slaughter House" (1953)
• "Mad House" (1953)
• "The Last Day" (1953)
• "Lazarus II" (1953)
• "Legion of Plotters" (1953)
• "Death Ship" (1953); adapted as a Twilight Zone episode (1963)
• "Disappearing Act" (1953); adapted as a Twilight Zone episode (1959)
• "The Disinheritors" (1953)
• "Dying Room Only" (1953)
• "Full Circle" (1953)
• "Mother by Protest" (AKA "Trespass") (1953)
• "Little Girl Lost" (1953); adapted as a Twilight Zone episode (1962)
• "Being" (1954)
• "The Curious Child" (1954)
• "When Day Is Dun" (1954)
• "Dance of the Dead" (1954); adapted as a Masters of Horror episode (2005)
• "The Man Who Made the World" (1954)
• "The Traveller" (1954)
• "The Test" (1954)
• "The Conqueror" (1954)
• "Dear Diary" (1954)
• "The Doll That Does Everything" (1954)
• "Descent" (1954)
• "Miss Stardust" (1955)
• "The Funeral" (1955); adapted as story segment for Rod Serling's Night Gallery
• "Too Proud to Lose" (1955)
• "One for the Books" (1955)
• "Pattern for Survival" (1955)
• "A Flourish of Strumpets" (1956)
• "The Splendid Source" (1956); the basis of the Family Guy episode "The Splendid Source".
• "Steel" (1956); adapted as a Twilight Zone episode (1963); loosely filmed as Real Steel (2011)
• "The Children of Noah" (1957)
• "A Visit to Santa Claus" (AKA "I'll Make It Look Good," as Logan Swanson) (1957)
• "The Holiday Man" (1957)
• "Old Haunts" (1957)
• "The Distributor" (1958)
• "The Edge" (1958)
• "Lemmings" (1958)
• "Mantage" (1959)
• "Deadline" (1959)
• "The Creeping Terror" (AKA "A Touch of Grapefruit") (1959)
• "No Such Thing as a Vampire" (1959)
• "Big Surprise" (AKA "What Was in the Box") (1959)
• "Crickets" (1960)
• "Day of Reckoning" (AKA "The Faces," "Graveyard Shift") (1960)
• "First Anniversary" (1960); adapted as an Outer Limits episode (1996)
• "From Shadowed Places" (1960)
• "Finger Prints" (1962)
• "Mute" (1962); adapted as a Twilight Zone episode (1963)
• "The Likeness of Julie" (as Logan Swanson) (1962); adapted into "Julie" in the 1975 TV film Trilogy of Terror
• "The Jazz Machine" (1963)
• "Crescendo" (AKA "Shock Wave") (1963)
• "Girl of My Dreams" (1963)
• "'Tis the Season to Be Jelly" (1963)
• "Deus Ex Machina" (1963)
• "Interest" (1965)
• "A Drink of Water" (1967)
• "Needle in the Heart" (AKA "Therese") (1969); adapted into "Millicent and Therese" in the 1975 TV film Trilogy of Terror
• "Prey" (1969); adapted into "Ameilia" in the 1975 TV film Trilogy of Terror
• "Button, Button" (1970); filmed as a The Twilight Zone episode in 1986; filmed as The Box (2009)
• "'Til Death Do Us Part" (1970)
• "By Appointment Only" (1970)
• "The Finishing Touches" (1970)
• "Duel" (1971); filmed as Duel (1971)
• "Big Surprise" (1971); adapted as story segment for Rod Serling's Night Gallery
• "Where There's a Will" (with Richard Christian Matheson) (1980)
• "And Now I'm Waiting" (1983)
• "Nightmare at 20,000 Feet" (as The Twilight Zone episode in 1963; as segment four of Twilight Zone: The Movie, 1983; first published in 1984)
• "Getting Together" (1986)
• "Buried Talents" (1987)
• "The Near Departed" (1987)
• "Shoo Fly" (1988)
• "Person to Person" (1989)
• "Two O'Clock Session" (1991)
• "The Doll" (as Twilight Zone episode, published as a story in 1993)
• "Go West, Young Man" (1993)
• "Gunsight" (1993)
• "Little Jack Cornered" (1993)
• "Of Death and Thirty Minutes" (1993)

• Born of Man and Woman (1954)
• The Shores of Space (1957)
• Shock! (1961)
• Shock 2 (1964)
• Shock 3 (1966)
• Shock Waves (1970) Published as Shock 4 in the UK (1980)
• Button, Button (1970)
• Richard Matheson: Collected Stories (1989)
• By the Gun (1993)
• Nightmare at 20,000 Feet (2000)
• Pride with Richard Christian Matheson (2002)
• Duel (2002)
• Offbeat: Uncollected Stories (2002)
• Darker Places (2004)
• Unrealized Dreams (2004)
• Duel and The Distributor (2005) Previously unpublished screenplays of these two stories
• Button, Button: Uncanny Stories (2008) (Tor Books)
• Uncollected Matheson: Volume 1 (2008)
• Uncollected Matheson: Volume 2 (2010)
• Steel: And Other Stories (2011)
• Bakteria and Other Improbable Tales (2011) (e-book exclusive)

• The Incredible Shrinking Man (1957)
• Beat Generation (1959)
• House of Usher (1960)
• Master of the World (1961)
• The Pit and the Pendulum (1961)
• Burn Witch Burn (1962); aka Night of the Eagle (screenplay co-written with Charles Beaumont and George Baxt based on the novel Conjure Wife by Fritz Leiber
• Tales of Terror (1962)
• The Raven (1963)
• The Comedy of Terrors (1963)
• The Last Man on Earth (as "Logan Swanson", based on Matheson's novel I Am Legend)(1964)
• Fanatic (1965)
• The Young Warriors (1967)
• The Devil Rides Out (1968)
• De Sade (1969)
• The Legend of Hell House (based on his novel) (1973)
• Somewhere in Time (based on his novel) (1980)
• Twilight Zone: The Movie: Fourth segment "Nightmare at 20,000 Feet" (1983)
• Jaws 3-D (1983)
• Loose Cannons (1990)
• I Am Legend (film) (2007)
• The Box (2009)
• Real Steel (2011)

• Buckskin: "Act of Faith" (1959)
• Wanted Dead or Alive :"The Healing Woman" (1959)
• Twilight Zone: (16 episodes) (1959–1964)
• Have Gun Will Travel: "The Lady on The Wall" (1960)
• Bourbon Street Beat: "Target of Hate" (1960)
• Cheyenne: "Home Is The Brave" (1960)
• Lawman (Six episodes) (1960–1962)
• Thriller: "The Return of Andrew Bentley" (1961)
• Combat!: "Forgotten Front" (as Logan Swanson) (1962)
• The Alfred Hitchcock Hour: "Ride the Nightmare" (1962)
• The Alfred Hitchcock Hour: "The Thirty-First of February" (1963)
• The Girl from U.N.C.L.E.: "The Atlantis Affair" (1966)
• Bob Hope Presents The Chrysler Theater : "Time of Flight" (1966)
• Star Trek: The Original Series: "The Enemy Within" (1966)
• Duel (1971)
• The Night Stalker (1972)
• Night Gallery (1972): " The Funeral" (1972)
• The Night Strangler (1973)
• Dying Room Only (1973)
• Circle of Fear (originally titled Ghost Story (1973))
• Bram Stoker's Dracula (1974)
• Scream of The Wolf (1974)
• The Morning After (1974)
• Trilogy of Terror (1975)
• Dead of Night (1977)
• The Strange Possession of Mrs. Oliver (1977)
• The Martian Chronicles mini-series (1979, 1980)
• Twilight Zone: "Button, Button" (as Logan Swanson) (1986)
• Amazing Stories: "One for the Books" (1987)
• Dreamer of Oz (1990)
• Rod Serling's Lost Classics (1994)
• Trilogy of Terror II (1996)

• The Path: Metaphysics for the 90s (1993)

• California Sorcery, edited by William F. Nolan and William Schafer

Jad Hatem, Charité de l'infinitésimal, Paris, L’Harmattan, 2007