Yisrael Kristal (born Izrael Icek Kryształ; Hebrew: ישראל קרישטל‎‎; September 15, 1903 – August 11, 2017) was a Polish-Israeli man, who as a supercentenarianwas recognized as the oldest living Holocaust survivor and who, since the death of Yasutaro Koide, was the oldest living man in the world and one of the ten oldest men ever. Kristal was born to Jewish parents in Poland, then part of the Russian Empire, and had a religious upbringing. A confectioner by profession, he experienced World War I as a child, and World War II as an adult. After surviving the Holocaust, he emigrated to Israel.

During World War II he was confined by the Nazi regime to a Jewish ghetto; his children died in the ghetto, but he and his wife were deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp. Kristal survived the Holocaust, but his wife did not. He remarried shortly after the War and, in 1950, emigrated to Israel with his second wife Batsheva, also a survivor of the Holocaust, and their infant child. Kristal became the world's oldest recognized Holocaust survivor in 2014 and the world's oldest man in 2016.

Died 11 August 2017 - (aged 113 years, 330 days)
Known for Oldest living man - (January 18, 2016 – August 11, 2017)
Oldest survivor of the Holocaust

Spouses

• Chaje Feige Frucht (married 1928, 2 children) until her death in the Holocaust
• Batsheva (married 1947, 2 children)

Early life

Kristal was born to a religious Jewish family in Maleniec, Końskie County near Żarnów, then part of the Congress Kingdom of Poland of the Russian Empire, on September 15, 1903. His father was a Torah scholar who ensured his son had a religious education, and Kristal would remain religiously observant all his life. He attended a cheder at age three, where he studied Judaism and Hebrew. He learned the Hebrew Bible at four and the Mishnah at six. In a 2012 interview, he recalled his father waking him at five in the morning to begin his religious instruction.

His mother died in 1910 when he was 7 years old. When World War I broke out in 1914, he saw Kaiser Franz Joseph in person when the monarch rode through his town in a car, and recalled the emperor throwing sweets at him and other children as he passed. His father was drafted into the Imperial Russian Army and died soon after. Meanwhile, Kristal moved in with his uncles.

In 1920, at age 17, he moved to Łódź. After briefly laboring as a metalworker, he found a job in the family's candy factory. While initially working as a physical laborer, he later became a renowned expert candy-maker. He married Chaja Feige Frucht in 1928, and had two children.

Holocaust survival

In 1940, after the Germans had taken over Poland during World War II, Kristal continued to manufacture candy, at times secretly and at other times, with the encouragement of the heads of the ghetto, among them head of the Łódź Ghetto JudenratChaim Rumkowski. His two children died in the ghetto, while Kristal and his wife were deported to Auschwitz concentration camp during the liquidation of the ghetto in August 1944. Kristal's wife died in Auschwitz while he worked as a forced laborer and survived. After the camp was liberated by the Red Army, he was taken to the hospital, where he returned to his profession and made candies for Soviet soldiers, before returning to Łódź, where he rebuilt his destroyed candy shop and met his second wife, Batsheva. They married in 1947. The couple had a son, Chaim, who was born in Poland, and a daughter, Shula, who was born in Israel.

Life in Israel

In 1950, the family immigrated to Israel on the ship Komemiyut and settled in Haifa. He initially worked at the Palata candy factory, where he was considered an expert and taught the owners to make an entire production line of sweets. He then became self-employed, making boutique sweets at home and selling them at a Haifa kiosk. Among the sweets he produced were tiny liquor bottles made of chocolate wrapped in colored foil, jam made from carob, and chocolate-covered orange peels. In 1952, he began manufacturing his candies at the Sar and Kristal Factory on Shivat Zion Street. After the factory closed in 1970, he returned to making his candies at home before retiring.

Kristal was religiously observant for the remainder of his life, and had nine grandchildren. He also had great-grandchildren, but his family preferred not to state his exact number of descendants for fear of the "evil eye". After the death of Alice Herz-Sommer in London on February 23, 2014, Kristal became recognized as the world's oldest known Holocaust survivor (though he was actually older than she). He became the world's oldest living man after the death of Japanese supercentenarian Yasutaro Koide on January 18, 2016.

On March 11, 2016, Kristal was officially recognized as the world's oldest man by Guinness World Records. His status was verified after documents confirming his age were uncovered in Poland (formerly, the family's oldest document was from his wedding at age 25, but Guinness regulations require documentation from the first 20 years of a person's life to claim the record; the newly found documents were discovered by Jewish Records Indexing – Poland).

Having been unable to do so at the age of 13 due to World War I, Kristal celebrated his bar mitzvah a century later, in September 2016, at the age of 113. On Friday, August 11, 2017, Kristal died in his house at the age of 113. Francisco Núñez Olivera of Spain became the worlds oldest man in his place.