Peter Leo Gerety (July 19, 1912 – September 20, 2016) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was Archbishop of Newark from 1974 to 1986, having previously served as Bishop of Portland (1969–74). Archbishop Gerety, who died at the age of 104, was the oldest living Catholic bishop in the world at the time of his death.

Early life and education

Peter Gerety was born in Shelton, Connecticut, the oldest of nine sons of Peter Leo and Charlotte Ursula (née Daly) Gerety. Since there were no local Catholic schools, he received his early education at public schools in Shelton, including Commodore Isaac Hull School and the Ferry Street School. He graduated from Shelton High School in 1929, and then worked for the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the New Jersey Department of Transportation for three years. In 1932, he began his studies for the priesthood at St. Thomas Seminary in Bloomfield. He was sent to continue his studies at Saint-Sulpice Seminary in Issy, France, in 1934.

Priesthood

On June 29, 1939, Gerety was ordained a priest for the Diocese of Hartford at the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris. Following his return to Connecticut, he was assigned as a curate at St. John the Evangelist Church in New Haven. In addition to his duties at St. John's, he served as a chaplain at Grace-New Haven Hospital. In 1942, he was appointed a curate at St. Brendan Church and director of Blessed Martin de Porres Center, both in New Haven. The center was an interracial social and religious organization that ministered to the African American Catholic community. In 1956, the center became St. Martin de Porres Parish and Gerety was named its first pastor.

During his tenure at St. Martin's, Gerety became an outspoken advocate for civil rights and supported programs to eliminate poverty. In 1963, he was chosen as coordinator and director of the Diocesan Priests' Conference on Interracial Justice.

Episcopacy

On March 4, 1966, Gerety was appointed coadjutor bishop of the Diocese of Portland in Maine and titular bishop of Crepedula by Pope Paul VI. He received his episcopal consecration on the following June 1 from Archbishop Henry Joseph O'Brien, with Bishops Daniel Joseph Feeney and John Francis Hackett serving as co-consecrators, at the Cathedral of St. Joseph in Hartford. Due to the failing health of Bishop Feeney, Gerety became apostolic administrator of the diocese on February 18, 1967, assuming responsibility for the daily activities of the diocese.

Upon the death of Bishop Feeney on September 15, 1969, Gerety succeeded him as the eighth Bishop of Portland. During his tenure in Portland, he implemented what were perceived to be the liturgical reforms of the Second Vatican Council by modernizing the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, through the removal of the high altar, cathedra, pulpit, and communion rail. He also provided housing for the elderly and expanded the Diocesan Bureau of Human Relations.

In 1969, Gerety led an unsuccessful campaign against a bill in the state legislature to legalize abortions under certain circumstances. That same year, he called on Maine food retailers to stop selling California grapes in support of the farm workers' dispute with growers. He was one of 14 bishops in New England to sign a statement in 1973 endorsing a boycott of California-grown lettuce in similar dispute. He also defended the rights of conscientious objectors during the Vietnam War and appealed to the Maine congressional delegation to modify the Selective Service Act.

Following the retirement of Archbishop Thomas Aloysius Boland, Gerety was appointed the third Archbishop of Newark, New Jersey, on April 2, 1974. His installation took place at the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart on June 28 of that year. He was the first Archbishop of Newark to actually live in the city of Newark; his predecessors lived in the Llewellyn Park section of West Orange.

During his 12-year tenure in Newark, Gerety created the Office of Pastoral Renewal and began a ministry to divorced Catholics. The Office of Pastoral Renewal evolved into RENEW International, an organization now based in Plainfield, New Jersey, that provides faith-sharing resources for small Christian Communities in the United States, Canada, Latin America, and South Africa. Gerety established the Archbishop's Annual Appeal in 1975, and supported the charismatic and ecumenical movements. He also established the Archbishop Gerety Fund for Ecclesiastical History to advance studies in ecclesiastical history, especially the history of Catholicism in the United States.

In 1976, Gerety sent a letter to the Democratic National Convention to protest the party's platform on abortion, which he described as "the bloody horror of the callous elimination of hundreds of thousands of God's most defenseless little ones, our own flesh and blood." That same year, he testified before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on "U.S. Foreign Policy: A Critique from Catholic Tradition," and in 1977, he represented the United States Catholic Conference before the House Ways and Means Committee to offer his view on President Jimmy Carter's "Better Jobs and Income" proposal.

Later life

Gerety resigned as Archbishop of Newark on June 3, 1986. At that time, he declared, "It is well known that a bishop must resign at the age of 75. I will be 74 years old next month and I told the Holy Father in my letter of resignation that for the good of God's Church and for my own peace of mind, I believe it is time of a younger man to take over the reins of office here in Newark. I have done my best and I am very happy now to step aside." He was succeeded by Bishop Theodore Edgar McCarrick, then serving as Bishop of Metuchen.