Mario Monicelli (Italian: [ˈmarjo moniˈtʃɛlli]; 16 May 1915 – 29 November 2010) was an Italian director and screenwriter and one of the masters of the Commedia all'Italiana (Comedy Italian style), six times nominated for Oscar.

Monicelli was born in Viareggio and was the youngest son of the Mantuan journalist Tommaso Monicelli. His older brother Giorgio worked as writer and translator. Another older brother, Franco, was a journalist.

He attended studies in the local lyceum, and entered into the film world through his friendship with Giacomo Forzano, son of the playwright Giovacchino Forzano, who had been encharged by Benito Mussolini with the founding of cinema studios in Tirrenia. Monicelli lived a carefree youth, and many of the cinematic jokes he later shot in Amici Miei were taken from his experience.

Monicelli made his first short in 1934, a collaboration with his friend Alberto Mondadori. He followed this work up with the silent film I ragazzi della Via Paal (an adaptation of the novel The Paul Street Boys), which was an award-winner in the Venice Film Festival. His first feature length work was made in 1937 (Pioggia d'estate, "Summer Rain").In the years 1939–1942 Monicelli also produced numerous screenplays (up to 40), and worked as an assistant director.

Monicelli made his official debut as a director in 1949, with Totò cerca casa, along with Steno. From the very beginning of his career Monicelli's cinematic style had a remarkable flow to it. The duo produced eight successful movies in four years, including Guardie e ladri (1951) and Totò a colori (1952). From 1953 onwards Monicelli worked alone, without leaving his role as a writer of screenplays.

Monicelli's career include some of the masterpieces of Italian cinema. In I soliti ignoti (Big Deal on Madonna Street) (1958), again featuring the ubiquitous comedian Totò, he discovered the comical talent of Vittorio Gassman and Marcello Mastroianni and probably produced the first true commedia all'italiana. While it is more well known in the English-speaking world as Big Deal on Madonna Street, the actual translation from the Italian is "the usual unknown perpetrators" (which is similar to the famous line from Casablanca of "Round up the usual suspects"). The film was nominated for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 31st Academy Awards.

La Grande Guerra (The Great War), released one year later, is generally regarded as his finest work. For this work Monicelli was awarded a Leone d'Oro in the Venice Film Festival, and an a Academy Award nomination for the Best Foreign Film. The film, featuring Gassman and the other superstar of Italian comedy, Alberto Sordi, excelled in the absence of rhetorical accents (the tragedy of World War I was still well in Italian's minds in these years) and for its sharp, tragicomical sense of history. Monicelli received two more Academy Award nominations with I compagni (The Organizer, 1963) and The Girl with the Pistol (1968).

L'armata Brancaleone (For Love and Gold, 1966) is another masterpiece of Italian cinema. The film tells the story of a Middle Age Italy's poor but pompous knight (played by Gassman) from a humorous point of view. Highlighted by Gasmann the bizarre Macaronic Latin-Italian dialogues were devised by Age & Scarpelli, the most renowned writers of Italian comedies, it was followed by Brancaleone alle Crociate (Brancaleone at the Crusades) in 1970.

Amici miei (My Friends, 1975), featuring Ugo Tognazzi and Philippe Noiret, was one of the most successful films in Italy and confirmed Monicelli's skill in mixing humour, irony and bitter feelings. His 1976 film Caro Michele won him the Silver Bear for Best Director at the 26th Berlin International Film Festival.[6] The dramatic accents were predominant in the Un borghese piccolo piccolo (A Very Little Man, 1978), but left pace again to comicity and popularesque history with Il Marchese del Grillo (1981). Both films featured Alberto Sordi at his best. At the 32nd Berlin International Film Festival Il Marchese del Grillo won him his third Silver Bear for Best Director award.

Among the final works by Monicelli are Speriamo che sia femmina (1985), Parenti serpenti (1992) and Cari fottutissimi amici (1994), featuring Paolo Hendel. The latter won an Honourable Mention at the 44th Berlin International Film Festival. His last feature film was The Roses of the Desert (Le rose del deserto, 2006), which he directed when he was 91 years old.

In 1991 he received the Golden Lion for Career of the Venice Film Festival. A documentary made by Roberto Salinas and Marina Catucci, Una storia da ridere, breve biografia di Mario Monicelli, appeared in 2008.

Monicelli worked also for television and theatre, occasionally as an actor, and was a noteworthy playwright in his own right. Apart those already mentioned, actors who were launched by Monicelli or played in his movies include Monica Vitti, Anna Magnani, Giancarlo Giannini, Stefania Sandrelli, Vittorio De Sica, Sophia Loren, Enrico Montesano, Gian Maria Volonté, Paolo Villaggio, Nino Manfredi and Leonardo Pieraccioni.

Monicelli died on 29 November 2010 at the age of 95. He committed suicide by jumping from a window of the San Giovanni Hospital in Rome, where he was admitted a few days earlier for prostate cancer.

He was an atheist.

Filmography

• I ragazzi della Via Paal, with Alberto Mondadori (1935)
• Pioggia d'estate (1937)
• Totò cerca casa (with Steno, 1949)
• Al diavolo la celebrità (1949, with Steno)
• Vita da cani (with Steno, 1950)
• È arrivato il cavaliere! (with Steno, 1950)
• Guardie e ladri (with Steno, 1951)
• Totò e i re di Roma (with Steno, 1952)
• Totò e le donne (Toto and the Women, 1952, with Steno)
• Le infedeli, with Steno (1953)
• Proibito (1954)
• Un eroe dei nostri tempi (1955)
• Totò e Carolina (1955)
• Donatella (1956)
• Il medico e lo stregone (1957)
• Padri e figli (1957)
• I soliti ignoti (Big Deal on Madonna Street, 1958)
• The Great War (1959)
• Risate di gioia (1960)
• Boccaccio '70 (1962 – segment "Renzo and Luciana")
• I compagni (The Organizer, 1963)
• Alta infedeltà (High Infidelity, 1964, with Luciano Salce, Elio Petri and Franco Rossi)
• Casanova '70 (1965)
• Le fate (1966 –, with Mauro Bolognini, Antonio Pietrangeli and Luciano Salce )
• L'armata Brancaleone (For Love and Gold, 1966)
• The Girl with the Pistol (1968)
• Capriccio all'italiana (Caprice Italian Style, 1968, with Mauro Bolognini, Steno, Pino Zac, Pier Paolo Pasolini and Franco Rossi)
• Toh, è morta la nonna! (1969)
• Brancaleone alle Crociate (Brancaleone at the Crusades, 1970)
• Le coppie (1971, with Alberto Sordi and Vittorio De Sica)
• La mortadella (1971)
• Vogliamo i colonnelli (1973)
• Romanzo popolare (1974)
• Amici miei (1975)
• Caro Michele (1976)
• Signore e signori, buonanotte (1976, with Luigi Comencini, Nanni Loy, Luigi Magni and Ettore Scola )
• Un borghese piccolo piccolo (1977)
• Viva Italia! (1977, with Dino Risi and Ettore Scola)
• Viaggio con Anita (1979)
• Temporale Rosy (1979)
• Camera d'albergo (1981)
• Il marchese del Grillo (1981)
• Amici miei atto II (1982)
• Bertoldo, Bertoldino e Cacasenno (1984)
• Le due vite di Mattia Pascal (1985)
• Speriamo che sia femmina (1986)
• I picari (1987)
• La moglie ingenua e il marito malato (1989)
• 12 registi per 12 città (1989, documentary. Segment "Verona")
• Il male oscuro (1990)
• Rossini! Rossini! (1991)
• Parenti serpenti (1992)
• Cari fottutissimi amici (1994)
• Facciamo paradiso (1995)
• Esercizi di stile (1996 – segment Idillio edile)
• Topi di appartamento (1997, short)
• Panni sporchi (1999)
• Un amico magico: il maestro Nino Rota (1999, documentary)
• Come quando fuori piove (2000, TV mini series)
• Un altro mondo è possibile (2001, documentary)
• Lettere dalla Palestina (2002, documentary)
• Firenze, il nostro domani (2003, documentary)
• Le rose del deserto (The Roses of the Desert, 2006)

• I ragazzi della via Paal (1935)
• Pioggia d'estate (1937)
• La granduchessa si diverte (1940)
• Brivido (1941)
• La donna è mobile (1942)
• Cortocircuito (1943)
• Il sole di Montecassino (1945)
• Aquila nera (1946)
• Gioventù perduta (1947)
• La figlia del capitano (1947)
• Il corriere del re (1947)
• Follie per l'opera (1948)
• I Miserabili (1948)
• L'ebreo errante (1948)
• Il cavaliere misterioso (1948)
• Accidenti alla guerra! (1948)
• Il tradimento (1949)
• Al diavolo la celebrità (1949)
• Totò cerca casa (1949)
• Il lupo della Sila (1949)
• Il conte Ugolino (1949)
• Vita da cani (1950)
• Soho Conspiracy (1950)
• L'inafferrabile 12 (1950)
• È arrivato il cavaliere! (1950)
• Il brigante Musolino (1950)
• Botta e risposta (1950)
• Vendetta... sarda (1951)
• Guardie e ladri (1951)
• Tizio, Caio, Sempronio (1951)
• È l'amor che mi rovina (1951)
• Core 'ngrato (1951)
• Accidenti alle tasse!! (1951)
• Amo un assassino (1951)
• Totò e i re di Roma (1952)
• Totò e le donne (1952)
• Totò a colori (1952)
• Perdonami (1952)
• Cinque poveri in automobile (1952)
• Cani e gatti (1952)
• Un turco napoletano (1953)
• Il più comico spettacolo del mondo (1953)
• Le infedeli (1953)
• Cavalleria rusticana (1953)
• Giuseppe Verdi (1953)
• Guai ai vinti (1954)
• Proibito (1954)
• Un eroe dei nostri tempi (1955)
• Totò e Carolina (1955)
• La donna più bella del mondo (1955)
• Donatella (1956)
• Il medico e lo stregone (1957)
• Padri e figli (1957)
• I soliti ignoti (1958)
• The Great War (1959)
• Risate di gioia (1960)
• A cavallo della tigre (1961)
• Boccaccio '70 (1962 – segment "Renzo e Luciana")
• Frenesia dell'estate (1963)
• I compagni (1963)
• Casanova 70 (1965)
• I nostri mariti (1966 – segment "Il marito di Olga")
• L'armata Brancaleone (1966)
• The Girl with the Pistol (1968)
• Toh, è morta la nonna! (1969)
• Brancaleone alle crociate (1970)
• Vogliamo i colonnelli (1973)
• Gran bollito (1977)
• Amici miei (My Friends, 1975)
• Un borghese piccolo piccolo (1977)
• Temporale Rosy (1979)
• Camera d'albergo (1981)
• Il marchese del Grillo (1981)
• Amici miei atto II (1982)
• Bertoldo, Bertoldino e Cacasenno (1984)
• Le due vite di Mattia Pascal (1985)
• Speriamo che sia femmina (1986)
• I picari (1987)
• Il male oscuro (1990)
• Rossini! Rossini! (1991)
• Parenti serpenti (1992)
• Cari fottutissimi amici (1994)
• Facciamo paradiso (1995)
• Panni sporchi (1999)
• Un amico magico: il maestro Nino Rota (1999, documentary)
• Come quando fuori piove (2000, TV mini series)
• Le rose del deserto (The Roses of the Desert, 2006)

• Rue du Pied de Grue (1979)
• Sono fotogenico, directed by Dino Risi (1980)
• Il ciclone, directed by Leonardo Pieraccioni (1996, voice)
• Sotto il sole della Toscana (Under the Tuscan Sun, 2003)