Joseph "Joe" Temperley (Lochgelly, Scotland, 20 September 1929 – 11 May 2016) was a Scottish saxophonist. He has performed on various instruments but is most associated with the baritone saxophone and bass clarinet.

He first achieved prominence in the United Kingdom as a member of Humphrey Lyttelton's band from 1958-1965. In 1965, he moved to New York City where he performed and/or recorded with Woody Herman, Buddy Rich, Joe Henderson, Duke Pearson, the Jazz Composer's Orchestra, The Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra and Clark Terry, among many others. In October 1974, he toured and recorded with the Duke Ellington Orchestra as a replacement for Harry Carney.

Temperley played in the Broadway show Sophisticated Ladies in the 1980s, and his film soundtrack credits include Cotton Club, Biloxi Blues, Brighton Beach Memoirs, When Harry Met Sally, and Tune In Tomorrow, composed by Wynton Marsalis.

He was a guest mentor of the Fife Youth Jazz Orchestra also known as FYJO[2] program in Scotland, co-founded by Richard Michael and Dr Colin Thompson, which now enrolls 30 young musicians ages 7–18.

Temperley released several albums as a leader, including Nightingale (1991) with Brian Lemon, Sunbeam and Thundercloud with pianist Dave McKenna (1996), With Every Breath (1998) and Double Duke (1999) with several fellow Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra members. He was an original member of the Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra, and served on the faculty of the Juilliard School for Jazz Studies.

Temperley died on 11 May 2016, aged 86.