Hilda Gadea Acosta (March 1921 - February 1974) was a Peruvian economist, Communist leader, and author. She was Che Guevara's first wife.

Hilda Gadea Acosta was the first female Secretary of the Economy of the Executive National Committee forAlianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana (APRA, American Popular Revolutionary Alliance). Her activities in Peru led to her exile in 1948. She first met Guevara in Guatemala in December 1953. Gadea and Guevara moved to Mexico due to pressure from their politics. She introduced Guevara to several Cuban rebels.

Gadea married Guevara in Mexico in September 1955, after finding out that she was pregnant. The marriage ended in a divorce in May 1959. They had a daughter named Hilda Beatriz Guevara Gadea (nicknamed "Hildita") in February 1956, who died in 1995.

After the Cuban revolution, in which Guevara fought, Gadea came to Cuba, to be confronted with the announcement by Guevara that he had fallen in love with another woman, Aleida March, and requested a divorce. Gadea remained loyal to Guevara's political movement and died in Havana in 1974. She wrote the memoir My Life With Che.

Gabriel San Roman, a writer for Z Magazine, began writing a play about Gadea.